While the study and implementation of DT’s has been critically explored as virtual, dynamic 3D replicas of physical entities across different disciplines and industries, this book establishes a strategy that recognises the need for the ‘software’ behind virtual DT platforms to not only represent the ‘hardware’ of our physical cities but also to reflect the ‘heartware’ of socio-economic and cultural practices. Knowledge gaps and challenges in existing DT’s are identified and insights into rethinking their purpose are provided to propose a new DT paradigm model for city-wide application. With multiple case studies illustrating the different concepts of DT’s being applied in cities from Europe, North America, The Middle East, Asia and Oceania, the keynote highlighted the reasons why and how DT’s can play an integral role in the sustainability of our urban habitats.